Matthew 5:39-44 "Yet I, Myself, am now telling you folks not to at any point actively set yourself against, or take a counteractive or aggressive stand in opposition to, the bad situation (or: = participate in armed resistance against the miserable condition; = mirror the painful, insulting or laborious situation; or: = ‘render evil for evil’ in opposition to the evil or wicked person; = rebel or be part of an insurrection; = stand off an enemy). On the contrary, to whomever is repeatedly cuffing or habitually slapping into your right cheek (or: jaw), turn to him the other one, also! robs the oppressor of the power to humiliate.” (p. ) note: In his book, Engaging the Powers, Walter Wink has pointed out that this act of slapping someone on the right cheek referred to a person in a superior position of that society “backhanding” someone in an inferior position. It was meant to either insult the person, or to put the person in “their place,” or to “admonish” him. Wink suggests that turning the other cheek “'

JMNT⁽ⁱ⁾ ³⁹ "Yet I, Myself, am now telling you folks not to at any point actively set yourself against, or take a counteractive or aggressive stand in opposition to, the bad situation (or: = participate in armed resistance against the miserable condition; = mirror the painful, insulting or laborious situation; or: = ‘render evil for evil’ in opposition to the evil or wicked person; = rebel or be part of an insurrection; = stand off an enemy). On the contrary, [to] whomever is repeatedly cuffing or habitually slapping into your right cheek (or: jaw), turn to him the other one, also! [note: In his book, Engaging the Powers, Walter Wink has pointed out that this act of slapping someone on the right cheek referred to a person in a superior position of that society “backhanding” someone in an inferior position. It was meant to either insult the person, or to put the person in “their place,” or to “admonish” him. Wink suggests that turning the other cheek “'85 robs the oppressor of the power to humiliate.” (p. 176)] ⁴⁰ "And further, to the person continuing in desiring (wanting; purposing) for you to be judged (or: sued; or: presently intending to litigate with you) and even to take your inner garment (tunic; = shirt), at once send off to him your outer garment (cloak; coat) as well! [note: Under the Law the cloak was to be returned at each sundown (Ex. 22:25-27). Sending a creditor a cloak as collateral would say to folks that the creditor was taking everything from him and leaving him naked and destitute. It would show that this person was being inhumane. Wink says “indebtedness was endemic” in this land and time.] ⁴¹ "Also, [for] whoever will [other MSS: may] press you into service (conscript, requisition or commandeer you) [for] one mile, continue submissively leading the way with him [for] two [miles]. [note: This impressed service refers to the Roman rule (anagareia) that allowed the occupation troops to compel someone to carry their soldier’s pack or baggage for one mile – a rule often abused. Wink suggests that vss. 39-41 are non-violent, creative initiatives against social injustice. I suggest that they also demonstrate a heart of love and an acknowledging of brotherhood even with oppressors.] ⁴² "Give at once to the person presently, or repeatedly, asking of you, and you should not be turned away from the one continuously wanting (or: purposing) to borrow money from you. ⁴³ "You folks hear (or: heard) that it was declared, 'You will habitually love the one near to you (your neighbor or associate) ' [Lev. 19:18] – and yet you will constantly regard your enemy with ill will (hate the one hostile to you). ⁴⁴ "Yet I, Myself, am now saying to you folks: Be constantly loving your enemies (urging toward reunion with, and accepting as persons standing on the same ground, those folks hostile to you; [comment: this could have applied to the Romans, as well as to personal enemies]), and be habitually praying over (on behalf of) the people continuously persecuting you –