III. עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי ( [Num 24:20]; [Num 24:24]; [Ps 104:23]; [Ps 147:6]; [Job 7:4]; [Job 20:5], and in עֲדֵי עַד [Isa 26:4]; [Isa 65:18]; [Ps 83:18]; [Ps 92:8]; [Ps 132:12]; [Ps 132:14]:compare אֱלֵי, עֲלֵי), preposition as far as, even to, up to, until, while (Aramaic עד, Sabean עד, עדי, MordtmZMG xxx (1876), 27; DHMxxxvii (1883), 414, Assyrian adi Dl§ 81 a (Arabic is except); perh akin to pass on, advance to, Köii. 304, 309: עֲדֵי probably from ground-form ±¦d¦y, Ol428, 431 Köii. 309 ff.; but LagSym. ii. 101-3, Mitth. i. 231 f., as plur. like אַחֲרֵי); — with suffix עָדַי [Num 23:18] +, עָדֶיךָ [Mic 4:8] +, etc., עָֽדיֵכֵם [Job 32:12]; [2Kgs 9:18] עַדהֵֿם occurs; — as far as, even to (differing from אֶל in that the limit is included, as in Arabic FlKl. Schr. i. 402 f.):
I. preposition 1. of space; —
\ \ a. [Gen 11:31] ויבאו עד חרן as far as Haran, [Gen 12:6]; [Gen 13:3]; [Gen 13:12] + often, [Isa 8:8] עד צואר יגעַ, [Isa 15:4] עד יהץ נשׁמע קולם, [Isa 25:12]; [Isa 26:5]; [Ps 36:6] אמונתך עד שׁחקים, [Ps 69:2] דאו מים עד נפשׁ (compare [Jonah 2:6]; [Mic 1:9]; [Jer 4:10]; [Jer 4:18]), [Jer 90:3] תָּשֵׁד אֱנוֺשׁ עַד דַּכָּא [Job 11:7], etc.; pregnantly [Ps 118:27] ׳אִסְדוּ חָג עַד וגו bind . . . (and lead) up to . . .; [Isa 57:9] עַד מֵרָחוק even to afar (מִן 1 c); with the goal a person, [Exod 22:8] עד האלהים יָבאֹ דְבַר שְׁנֵיהֶם, [1Sam 9:9]; [Ps 65:3] עָדֶיךָ כָלבָּֿשָׂר יָבאֹוּ [Isa 45:24]; [Job 4:5], ׳שׁוּב עַד י [Hos 14:2] al. (see שׁוּב, stronger than ׳שׁוּב אֶליֿ); in poetry [Num 24:20] וְאַחֲדִיתוֺ עֲדֵי אֹבֵד shall be even unto destruction, shall issue in destruction, v[Num 24:24] rarely with verbs of attending, הֶאֱזִין עַד [Num 23:18], הִתְבּוֺנֵן עַד [Job 32:12]; [Job 38:18] (usually אֶל). Before another perp., [1Sam 7:11] ׳עַד מִתַּחַת ל [1Kgs 4:12] ׳עַד מֵעֵבֶר ל, עַד מֵעַל [Ezek 41:20], עַד לִפְנֵי [Esth 4:2], and even (si vera. l.) עַד אְלֵיהֶם [2Kgs 9:20]:compare עַד נֶגֶד [Neh 3:16]; [Neh 3:26], עַד נֹכַח [Judg 19:10] +.
\ \ b. In the combination מִן ֗֗֗ (וְ)עַד, as [Gen 10:19] מצידון ֗֗֗ עַד עַזָּה from Sidon . . . as far as Gaza + often (see מן 5 a); and idiomatic, not of actual space, but of class of objects, to express the idea of both... and, as [Gen 19:4] מִנַּעַר וְעַד זָקִן from young to old (inclusively) = both young and old (see מִן 5 b); without מִן, even to = including, [Lev 11:42]; [Num 8:4] even to (i. e. including) it base and its flower, compare [1Sam 18:4].
2. Of time:
\ \ a. (a) even to, until [Gen 8:5] even to the 10th month, [Exod 12:6] unto the 14th day, etc., v[Exod 12:15] v[Exod 12:18], etc.; עד היום unto this day, [Gen 19:37]; [Gen 19:38], עד היום הזה [Gen 26:33]; [Gen 32:33], both + often; עד יום followed by infinitive [Exod 40:37]; [Josh 6:10]; [Judg 18:30] עד בקר till morning, [Exod 12:10] + (15 t.), עד הבקר [Exod 16:23] + (11 t.); so עד (ה)ערב [Exod 18:13]; [Exod 18:14] +, in poetry עֲרֵי ערב [Ps 104:23] עַד עוֺלָם [Gen 13:15] + often; עַד שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים [2Kgs 4:35] עַד דּוֺר וָדוֺר [Isa 13:20] see also בְּלִי, and בִּלְתִּי, near the end and followed by another preposition, [Lev 23:16] עַד מִמָּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת, [Neh 13:9] עַד אַחַר הַשַּׁבָּת. With the force of against, [Judg 6:31] יוּמַת עַד הַבֹּקֶר; compare (b) end. (b) followed by infinitive, both of past time, as [Gen 8:7]; [Gen 32:35] עַד עֲלוֺת הַשַּׁחַר, [Gen 33:3]; [Gen 34:5], and especially future time, as [Gen 3:19] עַד שׁוּבְךָ until thy returning, [Gen 19:22]; [Gen 27:45]; [Deut 7:20]; [Deut 7:23]; [Deut 20:20]; [Deut 22:2]; [Deut 28:20]; [Deut 28:22], — both + often; compare עַד בּוֺשׁ [Judg 3:25] +; עַד תֹּם ֗֗֗ [Lev 25:29] + 10 t.; עַד תֻּמָּם [Deut 2:15] +; עַד כַּלֵּה [2Kgs 13:17]; [2Kgs 13:19]; [Ezek 19:14] עַד כַּלּוֺתָ(םׅ [1Sam 15:18]; [Jer 9:15] +; עַד אוֺר הַבֹּקֶר [Judg 16:2] +; also in עַד הִשְׁמִדְךָ אֹתָם [Deut 7:24] (compare [Deut 28:48]; [Josh 11:14]; [1Kgs 15:29]; [2Kgs 3:25]; [2Kgs 10:17]; [2Kgs 24:20] [|| [Jer 52:3] הִשְׁלִיכוֺ]; on the anomalous ׳הִ, see Dr, read probably ׳הַ); and most probably compare Köiii. 583) in עַד בִּלְתִּי הִשְׁאִיר לוֺ (לָהֶם) שָׂרִיד [Deut 3:3] (see Dr), + 5 t. (see above), read probably הַשְׁאִיר. With the force of towards the end of, against, especially in עַד בֹּאָ(םׅ, [Gen 43:25]; [Exod 22:25]; [Num 10:21] והקימו את המשׁכן עַד בֹּאָם used to set up the tabernacle against their coming, [2Kgs 16:11]; [Ezek 33:22] compare [2Sam 17:22]. Elliptical [Judg 16:2] עַד אוֺד הַבֹּקֶד וַהֲרַגְנוּהוּ (wait) till the morning dawn, and we slay him! (GFM; Dr§ 115). (c) with various adverbs of time. (q. v.) as עַד אָנָה, עַדמָֿה, עַד מָתַי, עַד הֵנָּה, עַד כֹּה, עַד כֵּן, עַד עַתָּה, compare עַד כַּמֶּה פְעָמִים (see מָה 4 b).
\ \ \ (d) to suffest also degree (compare 3), עַד אֵין מָקוֺם until there is no place [Isa 5:8], עַד אֵין מִסְפָּר [Ps 40:13]; [Job 5:9]; [Job 9:10] compare [Lev 26:18] וְאִםעַֿדאֵֿלֶּה and if even up to these things, even the end of all these punishment, you do not hearken to me.
\ \ b. During (rare; prop, as far as the limit indicated, including the time previous, compare ἔως: so often Aramaic עַד, , while), [2Kgs 9:22] what is peace עַד זְנוּנֵי אִיזֶבֶל during, etc.,? [Job 20:5] עֲדֵי רָ֑גַע during a moment; followed by infinitive [Judg 3:26] עַד הִתְמַהְמְהָם during their delaying, [Exod 33:22]; [Job 7:19] עַד בִּלְעִי רֻקִּי [Jonah 4:2].
3. Of degree, to suggest a higher or the highest; as עַד מְאֹד even to muchness, i.e. exceedingly (see מְאֹד), עַד מְהֵרָה even to haste [Ps 147:15]; [Esth 5:6] וּמַהבֻּֿקָּשָׁתֵךְ עַדחֲֿצִי הַמַּלְכוּת וְתֵעָשׂ, v[Esth 5:3]; [Esth 7:2]. See also עַד לְ, below. With a negative, to express not even as much as, [Deut 2:5] לא אתן לכם מארצם עַד מִדְרַךְ כַּף רָ֑גֶל, and with אֶחָד, [Exod 9:7] לֹא מֵת ֗֗֗ עַדאֶֿחָד, simil. [Exod 14:28]; [Judg 4:16]; [2Sam 17:22] (read אֶחָד for ׃אַחַד see Dr). Sts. almost = Latin adeo, [1Sam 2:5] (si vera lectio) עַד עֲקָרָה ילדה שׁבעה even to the barren, she hath borne seven, i.e. even the barren hath, etc., [Job 25:5] הן עדיָֿרֵחַ ולא יאהיל, [Hag 2:19]. In comparisons, to the degree of, even like (rare), [Nah 1:10] עַד סִירִים סְבֻכִים (text dubious) entangled even like thorns, [1Chr 4:27] לא הִרְבּוּ עד בני יהודה did not multiply to the degree of (i.e.like), etc. compare. [2Sam 23:19] עַד הַשְּׁלשָׁה לֹא בָא did not attain (in prowess) unto the three.
II. conjunction 1. until; —
a עַד אֲשֶׁר until that: (a) with perfect, of past time, [Exod 32:20] ויטחן עד אשׁר דָּק ([Deut 9:21]), [Deut 2:14] עד אשׁר עָבַרְנוּ, [Josh 3:17]; [Josh 8:26]; [Judg 4:24]; [1Kgs 10:7] ([2Chr 9:6]), [2Kgs 17:20]; [2Kgs 17:23]; [2Kgs 21:16] with suggestion of degree, [1Sam 30:4] (followed byאֵין), [1Kgs 17:17] rarely of future time (the 'future perfect,' Dr§ 17), [2Sam 17:13] (of degree), [Ezek 34:21] So -עַד שֶׁ (often in Late Hebrew; see שֶׁ) [Judg 5:7]; [Song 3:4] (twice in verse); עַד כִּי [Gen 26:13] עַד כִּיגָֿדַל מְאֹד, [Gen 41:49]; [2Sam 23:10]; [2Chr 26:15] and (of future time) עַד אֲשֶׁר אִם [Gen 28:15]; [Num 32:17]; [Isa 6:11].
\ \ \ (b) with imperfect, usually of future time, [Gen 27:44] עַד אֲשֶׁר תָּשׁוּב חֲמַר אָחִיךָ, [Gen 29:8]; [Exod 23:30]; [Exod 24:14]; [Lev 22:4]; [Num 11:20]; [Num 20:17]; [1Sam 22:3]; [Hos 5:15] +; rarely of past time, [Jonah 4:5] עד אשׁר יראה till he should see, [Eccl 2:3]. So (of the future) -עַד שֶׁ [Song 2:7]; [Song 2:17]; [Song 3:5]; [Song 4:6]; [Song 8:4]; [Ps 123:2] and עַד כִּי [Gen 49:10] עַד כִּייָֿבאֹ שִׁילֹה.
\ \ b. עַד alone, until:
\ \ \ (a) with perfect, of past time, [Josh 2:22]; [Josh 4:23] עַדעָֿבַרְנוּ, [1Sam 20:41] עַד דָּוִד הִגְדִּיל, [2Sam 21:10]; [1Kgs 11:16]; [Ezek 28:15] of the future (rare), [2Kgs 7:3] עַד מָ֑תְנוּ, [Ezek 39:15]; [Dan 11:36] עַד כָּלָה זָ֑עַם. So עַד סִם (of the future), [Gen 24:19]; [Gen 24:33]; [Isa 30:17]; [Ruth 2:21].
\ \ \ (b) with imperfect, of future time, [1Sam 1:22] (elliptic: compare [Judg 16:2], 12 a
\ \ \ (b) end), [Isa 22:14]; [Isa 26:20]; [Isa 32:15]; [Isa 62:1]; [Isa 62:7]; [Ps 57:2]; [Ps 71:18]; [Job 27:5] +; of the past (rare), [Exod 15:16] עד יעבור עמך, v[Exod 15:16]; [Josh 10:13] (poetry) עַד יִקֹּם גּוֺי אוֺיְבָיו, [Ps 73:17]. —
2. While (rare: compare 12 b): —
\ \
a. with perfect,
[1Sam 14:19] עד דִּבֶּר שׁאול while Saul spake.
\ \
b. with imperfect,
[Ps 141:10] יַחד אָנֹכִי עַד אֶעֱבֹר while I at the same time pass by.
\ \
c. with participle,
[Job 1:18] עַד זֶה מְדַבֵּר (but read probably
עֹד, as v
[Job 1:16] v
[Job 1:17]),
[Neh 7:3].
\ \
d. -
עַד שֶׁ (without verb)
[Song 1:12]. So
עַד לֹא while not = ere yet (of past time)
[Prov 8:26] עד לא עשׂה אדץ (so
עַד לָא,
, often, e.g.
[Gen 24:15] ᵑ7,
[Matt 1:18]); and
עד אשׁר לא (of the future)
[Eccl 12:1];
[Eccl 12:2];
[Eccl 12:6] (compare Talmud
עַד דְּלָא, Mishna
שֶׁלּאֹ עַד).
3. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare), [Isa 47:7] Thou saidst, I shall be for ever a lady, עַד לֹא שַׂמְתְּ אֵלֶּה עַל לִבֵךְ to the point that (going so far in thy pride that) thou didst not, etc. (but Hi Che Du al. join גְּבֶרֶת עַד I shall be for ever, a lady perpetually; see I. עַד); [Job 14:6] (Di De Bu Du) to the point that he may enjoy, etc., [Isa 22:14] (Du). In [Josh 17:14] עַד אֲשֶׁר ׳עַד כֹּה ֵבּרְכַנִי י, read עַל אֲשֶׁר because that (Ges Buhl; compare Di).
III. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד, found chiefly in Chronicles, Ezra, and occurring in most of the above senses. Thus
1. of space: לְבוֺא חֲמָת עַד [Josh 13:5]; [Judg 3:3]; [1Chr 13:5], מִדְבָּ֫רָה ׳עד ל [1Chr 5:9], מצרים ׳עד ל [2Chr 16:8] עַד לְמִזְרַהּ הַגָּ֑יְא [1Chr 4:39], עַד לַמְצָד [1Chr 12:17] עַד לִגְרָר [2Chr 14:12] עַד לַשָּׁמַיִם [2Chr 28:9]; [Ezra 9:6].
2. Of time: עד לעולם [1Chr 23:25]; [1Chr 28:7] לְמֵרָחוֺק עַד [2Chr 26:15]; [Ezra 3:13]; [Ezra 9:4] עד למנחת הערב; עַד לַדָּבָר הַזֶּה [Ezra 10:14] probably during (KeilGes Be with regard to, strengthened for לְ); followed by infinitive עַד לַעֲלוֺת הַמִּנְחָה [1Kgs 18:29] עַד לִכְלוֺת [1Chr 28:20]; [2Chr 29:28] עַד לְכַלֵּה [2Chr 24:10]; [2Chr 31:1] עד להשׁחית [2Chr 26:16] עַד לָמוּת [2Chr 32:24] (|| [2Kgs 20:1] לָמוּת alone); [Ezra 10:14] עד להשׁיב.
3. Of degree: עַד לְמַחֲנֶה גָדוֺל even unto (till there was) a great camp, [1Chr 12:23] עַד לְמַ֫עְלָה = exceedingly [2Chr 16:12]; [2Chr 17:12]; [2Chr 26:8] עַד לִמְאֹד [2Chr 16:14] עַד לְשִׂמְחָה [2Chr 29:30] עַד לָרֹב [2Chr 31:30] עַד לְאֵין מַרְפֵּא [2Chr 36:16].
The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon
License: Public domain document; formatting developed for use in https://marvel.bible by Eliran Wong.
Source: provided by Tim Morton, the developer of Bible Analyzer