BDB5693 [H5612 H7158]

סֵ֫פֶר₁₈₅ noun masculine^{Isa 29:11} missive, document, writing, book (probably ancient loan-word from Assyrian šipru, missive, message Dl^{HWB 683}, Tel Amarna šipru, šipirtu, id. Wkl^{TA Gloss}; √ šâpâru, send, send message or letter Dl^{HWB 683}, Wkl^{l.c., whence} also sâpiru, writer, and (perhaps) ruler, šapirûtu, rule; see Hom^{Aufsätze (1892), 34} Buhl^{Lex 13}; perhaps compare Arabic go forth to journey, II. send on a journey Lane¹³⁷⁰; Late Hebrew סֵפֶר = Biblical Hebrew; so Aramaic סִיפְרָא ; Christian-Palestinian Aramaic Schw^{Idioticon 64}; Arabic ); — ׳ס absolute 2Sam 11:14 +; construct Exod 24:7 +; suffix סִפְרִי Exod 32:33, סִפְרְךָ vExod 32:33; Ps 139:16 plural סְפָרִים 1Kgs 21:8 +; —

1. missive:
\ \ a. letter of instruction, written order, commission, or request, usually from king, 2Sam 11:14; 2Sam 11:15; 1Kgs 21:8 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 21:9; 1Kgs 21:11; 2Kgs 5:5; 2Kgs 5:6 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 5:7; 2Kgs 10:1; 2Kgs 10:2; 2Kgs 10:6; 2Kgs 10:7; 2Kgs 19:14 = Isa 37:14 compare 2Chr 32:17; 2Kgs 20:12 = Isa 39:1 = written decree for publication Esth 1:22; Esth 3:13; Esth 8:5; Esth 9:20; Esth 9:25; Esth 9:30 ( = אִגֶּרֶת vEsth 9:25 vEsth 9:29, see above), compare וַיִּשְׁלַח סְפָרִים בְּיִד הָרָצִים בַּסּוּסִים רֹכְבֵי הָרֶכֶשׁ Esth 8:10. — [׳כָּתַב ס 2Sam 11:15; 1Kgs 21:8; 2Kgs 10:1; 2Kgs 10:6; 2Chr 32:17 ׳כָּתַב בַּסּ (of specific contents) 2Sam 11:15; 1Kgs 21:9; 1Kgs 21:11 קָרָא ׳אֶתהַֿסּ 2Kgs 5:7 read the letter]. —
\ \ b. from prophet Jer 29:1, other influential persons vJer 29:25 vJer 29:29 .

2. legal document, כְּרִיתֻת ׳ס certificate of divorce Deut 24:1; Deut 24:3 and (figurative) Jer 3:8; Isa 50:1 הַמִּקְנָה ׳ס deed of purchase Jer 32:11; Jer 32:12 (strike out article), vJer 32:12 vJer 32:14 vJer 32:16, compare ׳בַּסּ vJer 32:10, הַסְּפָרִים vJer 32:14 (si vera lectio; strike out ᵐ5 Gie compare Gf), סֵפֶר vJer 32:16b; vJer 32:44 ׳ס = indictment Job 31:35 (object of כָּתַב; ׳כָּתַב בְּ = sign Jer 32:10; Jer 32:12; Jer 32:44).

3. book, or scroll, in which something is written to preserve it for future use Exod 17:14 (E), Josh 18:9 (JE), 1Sam 10:25; Isa 30:8; Job 19:23 +; in form of roll, compare וְנָגֹ֫לוּ כַּסֵּפֶר הַשָּׁמַיִם Isa 34:4, הֶחָתוּם ׳הַסּ Isa 29:11; Isa 29:12 (see Jer 36, etc., below); particular:
\ \ a. book of prophecies Jer 25:13; Jer 30:2 + 6 t. Jer 36; Dan 12:4 חֲזוֺן נַחוּם ׳ס Nah 1:1 ׳סֵפֶר י Isa 34:4 so מְגִלַּת סֵפֶר Jer 36:2; Jer 36:4 (= מְגִלָּה vJer 36:6 + 6 t.; with many columns, דְּלָתוֺת vJer 36:23), Ezek 2:9, compare Ps 40:8.
\ \ b. geneal. register, ׳ס תּוֺלְדוֺת Gen 5:1 (P), הַיַּ֫חַשׂ ׳ס Neh 7:5.
\ \ c. law-book, הַבְּרִית ׳ס Exod 24:7 (E), 2Kgs 23:2 = 2Chr 34:30; 2Kgs 23:21 הַתּוֺרָה ׳ס Deut 28:61; Deut 29:20; Deut 30:10; Deut 31:26; Deut 8:34 (all D), 2Kgs 22:8 = 2Chr 34:15; 2Kgs 22:11; Neh 8:3 תּוֺרַת אֱלֹהִים ׳ס Josh 24:26 (E), Neh 8:8 (reading תּוֺרַת ׳ס, so ᵐ5, compare Talmud^{Nedarim 37 b}), vNeh 8:18; Neh 9:3 ׳תּוֺרַת י ׳ס 2Chr 17:9; 2Chr 34:14 תּוֺרַת משֶׁה ׳ס Josh 8:31; Josh 23:6 (both D), 2Kgs 14:6; Neh 8:1 משֶׁה ׳ס 2Chr 25:4; 2Chr 35:12; Neh 13:1.
\ \ d. book of poems, ׳מִלְחֲמֹת י ׳ס Num 21:14 (JE), הַיָּשָׁר ׳ס Josh 10:13 (JE), 2Sam 1:18.
\ \ e. book concerned with kings, דֵּבְרֵי שְׁלֹמֹה ׳ס 1Kgs 11:41, and especially ׳דּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים לְמַלְכֵי וגו ׳ס 1Kgs 14:19; 1Kgs 14:29 + 31 t. Kings (18 t. of Israel, 15 t. of Judah), compare Esth 10:2 (of Media and Persia); also דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים לַמֶּלֶךְ ׳ס דָּוִיד 1Chr 27:24 (reading ׳ס for מִסְפָּד, ᵐ5 Kit^Hpt); הַמְּלָכִים לִיהוּדָה וְיִשְׂרָאֵל ׳ס 2Chr 16:11 מַלְכֵי ׳ס ׳יְהוּדָה וְיִשׁ 2Chr 25:26; 2Chr 28:26; 2Chr 32:32 וִיהוּדָה ׳יִשׂ ׳מ ׳ס 2Chr 27:7; 2Chr 35:27; 2Chr 36:8 ׳יִשׂ ׳מ ׳ס 1Chr 9:1; 2Chr 20:34 ׳הָמְּלָכִים מִדְרַשׁ ס 2Chr 24:27 also דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים ׳ס Neh 12:23; Esth 2:23 הַזִּכְרֹנוֺת דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים ׳ס Esth 6:1. feminine once בַּסְּפָרִים Dan 9:2 by means of the Scriptures (canonical books) compare Ew Meinh Bev Marti^Kau.
\ \ g. God's record-book, Ps 139:16, זִכָּרוֺן ׳ס Mal 3:16 God's register of living, Exod 32:32; Exod 32:33 (E), חַיִּים ׳ס Ps 69:29 ׳הַסּ Dan 12:1 (citizens of Messianic kingdom).

4. ׳ס = book-learning, especially writing: יָדַע (הַ) סֵּפֶר Isa 29:11; Isa 29:12 (twice in verse) (of abilityto read); so לְלַמְּדָם סֵפֶר וּלְשׁוֺן כַּשְׂדִּים Dan 1:4 to teach them the writing and speech of the Chaldeans (on construction see Ges^{«GKC:128a»§ 128a}); more generally וְחָכְמָה ׳הַשְׂכִּיל בְּכָלסֿ vDan 1:17. — [סֵפֶר book is joined with verbs thus: it is written (יִכָּפֶב) Mal 3:16 a thing is written ׳בַּסּ Exod 17:14 + 20 t., ׳עַלסֿ 2Sam 1:18 + 50 t. ( + Jer 36:32 בַדְּיוֺ with ink vJer 36:18), ׳אֶלסֿ Jer 30:2; Jer 51:60 conversely ׳דָּרַשׁ מֵעַל ס Isa 34:16, ׳שָׁמַע מֵעַל ס Jer 36:11 see also וְיֻחָ֑קוּ ׳בַּסּ Job 19:23 inscribe in a book, חֻקָּהּ ׳עָלסֿ Isa 30:8 (|| כָּתְבָהּ עַללֿוּחַ); ׳מָחָה מִסּ blot out of a book Exod 32:32; Exod 32:33; Ps 69:29 ׳קָרָא אֶתהַֿסּ Jer 51:63 read the book, scroll, but usually ׳קָרָא בְס Jer 36:8; Jer 36:10; Jer 36:13; Neh 8:8; Neh 8:18; Neh 9:3; Neh 13:1]. — ׳ס in ׳קִרְיַת ס, see ׳ק

The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon
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