[שָׁמַי]noun masculine[Deut 33:28] only plural שָׁמַ֫יִם421 (Sta§324 a) heavens, sky (Late Hebrew id.; Assyrian šamû plural šamê, šamûtu, also šamâmu, compare Phoenician שמם; Sabean סמה HomChr 46, 124; Arabic Ethiopic Aramaic שְׁמַיָּא ; Palmyrene, Nabataean שמ(י)ן in proper name (compounded with בעל) Lzb153 GACooke45; on plural form see BaZMG xiii (1888), 341 f.); — absolute ׳שׁ [Gen 1:1] +, מָ֑יִם- [Gen 2:4] +; הַשָּׁמַ֫יְמָה [Exod 9:8] +; construct שְׁמֵי [Deut 10:14] + 9 t.; suffix שָׁמֶיךָ [Ps 8:4] +2 t., שָׁמָיו [Deut 33:28], שְׁמֵיכֶם [Lev 26:19], with verb plural, [Hos 2:23] —
1. a. visible heavens, sky, where stars, etc., are [Judg 5:20]; [Gen 15:5] (J), [Deut 4:19]; [Gen 1:14]; [Gen 1:15]; [Gen 1:17] (P), hence ׳כּוֺכְבֵי הַשּׁ [Gen 22:17] (JE) = 9 t. (usually as countless), ׳(כָּלֿ) צְבָא הַשּׁ [Deut 4:19]; [Jer 8:2] + ( ׳צ 1 c; rarely of angels, ׳צ 1 b; before which fowl fly [Gen 1:20] (P), compare [Deut 4:17]; [Jer 8:7]; [Prov 30:19], ׳עוֺף הַשּׁ [Gen 2:19] (J), [Gen 1:19] (P) + (עוֺף 1), ׳צִפֹּר שׁ [Ps 8:9], ׳נִשְׁרֵי שׁ [Lam 4:19] as רָקִיע (q. v.) [Gen 1:8] (P), [Ps 19:2], with waters beneath and above [Gen 1:9] (P, compare v[Gen 1:7]), [Ps 148:4], darkened with clouds [1Kgs 18:45], cleared by wind [Job 26:13] whence comes rain [Gen 8:2] (J), [Judg 5:4]; [Deut 11:11] +, and dew [Gen 27:28] (J), v[Gen 27:39] (E), [Deut 33:28] (poem) +. compare ׳בִּרְכֹת שׁ [Gen 49:25] (poem in J), ׳מֶגֶר שׁ [Deut 33:13] (poem), but also (destructive) fire [2Kgs 1:10] (twice in verse); [Job 1:16] + (see also 2 a below); ׳הֹבְרֵישׁ [Isa 47:13], i.e. astrologers, compare ׳אוֺתוֺתהַשּׁ [Jer 10:2] as high [Gen 11:4] (J), Amos (:2 (opposed to שְׁאוֺל), v[Gen 11:6] (opposed to אֶרֶץ) +, ׳עַדלֵֿב הַשּׁ [Deut 4:11]as over all the earth, ׳תַּחַת (כָּלֿ)הַשּׁ [Gen 6:17]; [Gen 7:19] (both P), [Deut 2:25]; [Eccl 1:13] ׳מִתַּחַת וגו (of extermination) [Exod 17:14] (E), [Deut 7:24]; [Deut 9:14] +; specifically of Israel, שָׁמֶיךָ [Deut 28:23], שְׁמֵיכֶם [Lev 26:19] (H); וּבֵין הָאָרֶץ ׳בֵּין הַשּׁ [2Sam 18:9] (hung from tree), [1Chr 21:16] (of angel), compare [Ezek 8:3] (Ezekiel in vision), [Zech 5:9] (flying ephah); וְעַדקְֿצֵה ׳מִקְּצֵה הַשּׁ ׳הַשּׁ of limits of horizon [Deut 4:32], compare [Deut 30:4]; [Neh 1:9]; [Ps 19:7] as made by God [Jer 51:15] (opposed to תֵּבֵל), [Ps 8:4] + enduring [Deut 11:21]; [Job 14:12]; [Ps 89:30] especiallyוְ(הָ)אָרֶץ ׳(הַ)שּׁ = universe (compare in Sabean, SabDenkmNo.41.42, l.3) [Deut 3:24]; [Gen 1:1] (P) + (especially Deuteronomy, Isa2, Psalms), + הַיָם [Exod 20:11]; [Hag 2:6], etc., + מַיִם מִתַּחַת לָאָרֶץ [Exod 20:4]= [Deut 5:8],.compare [Prov 30:4], etc.; opposed to תְּהוֺם [Prov 8:27] (+ אֶרֶץ v[Prov 8:29]) חֲרָשִׁים וְהָאָרֶץ חֲרָשָׁה ׳שׁ as part of future glory [Isa 65:17]; [Isa 66:22].
\ \ b. phrases are: ׳אֲרֻבּוֺת הַשּׁ (letting rain through) [Gen 7:11]; [Gen 8:2] (P), [Mal 3:10] (figurative), compare ׳בַּשּׁ ׳א ׳הֲיַעֲשֶׂה י [2Kgs 7:2]; [2Kgs 7:19], so ׳דַּלְתֵי שׁ [Ps 78:23] (for manna), compare ׳דְָּגַן שׁ, v[Ps 78:24], ׳לֶחֶם שׁ [Ps 105:40] ׳מוֺסְדוֺת הַשּׁ [2Sam 22:8] (|| הָאָרֶץ; in || [Ps 18:8] חָרִים ׳מ), ׳עַמּוּרֵי שׁ [Job 26:11], ׳חוּג שׁ [Job 22:14] towards the sky is הַשָּׁמַ֫יְמָה [Josh 8:20](J), [Exod 9:8]; [Exod 9:10] (P), [Job 2:12]; [Judg 13:20]; [Judg 20:40]; [2Chr 6:13] עַלהַֿשָּׁמַיִם [Exod 9:22]; [Exod 9:23]; [Exod 10:21]; [Exod 10:22](all E), ׳אֶלשֿׁ [Deut 32:40] (poem), [Dan 12:7], ׳שׁ alone [1Kgs 8:22]; [1Kgs 8:54]; [Job 35:5]; [Prov 23:5].
2. a. as abode of God (׳י) [1Kgs 8:30]; [1Kgs 8:32] + often, where he sits enthroned [Ps 2:3]; [Isa 66:1], etc., compare ׳רֹכֵבשׁ [Deut 33:26](poem), [Ps 68:34], whence he rains brimstone [Gen 19:24] (J), bread [Exod 16:4] (E), compare [Neh 9:15], casts hailstones [Josh 11:11] (E), talks with Israel [Exod 20:22] (E; Gi v[Exod 20:19]) +, compare [Gen 21:17]; [Gen 22:11]; [Gen 22:15] (E), looks down [Deut 26:15] +, hears his people [Ps 20:7]+ 10 t. Chronicles, etc.; he thunders ׳בַּשּׁ [1Sam 2:10]; [Ps 18:14],|| ׳מִןשֿׁ [2Sam 22:14] he bends (נטה) ׳שׁ to come down v[2Sam 22:10]= [Ps 18:10], compare [Ps 144:5] and (rend) [Isa 63:19] ׳נִפְּתְּחוּ הַשּׁ [Ezek 1:1] in vision of God, compare ׳שַׁעַר הַשּׁ [Gen 28:17] (E; + בֵּית אֱלֹהִים); though even ׳שְׁמֵי הַשּׁ the highest heuvens cannot hold him [Deut 10:14]; [1Kgs 8:27] 2 Chron 6:18, [2Chr 2:5]; [Neh 9:6]; [Ps 148:4], שְׁמֵי שְׁמֵיקֶֿדֶם [Ps 68:34] he is called ׳אֱלֹהֵי הַשּׁ (post-exilic title) [Ezra 1:2] = [2Chr 36:23] + 11 t. Ezra Nehemiah; [Jonah 1:9] (compare Aramaic, [Dan 2:18]; [Dan 2:19]; [Dan 2:37]; [Dan 2:44] in [Gen 24:7] add with ᵐ5 וֵאלֹהֵי הָאָרֶץ, as v[Gen 24:3]), ׳אֵלהַֿשׁ [Ps 136:26] his sword is ׳בַּשׁ [Isa 34:5], but also his חֶסֶד [Ps 36:6], צֶדֶק [Ps 85:12], אֱמוּנָח [Ps 89:3], his word fixed [Ps 119:89]. — ׳שׁ are שָׁמָיו (of Israel) [Deut 33:28] (poem), שְׁמֵיכֶם [Lev 26:19] שָׁמֶיךָ [Ps 8:4]; [Ps 144:5], ׳שְׁמֵי י [Lam 3:66], קָדְשׁוֺ ׳שׁ [Ps 20:7].
\ \ b. Elijah taken up ׳הַשּׁ in whirlwind [2Kgs 2:1], compare v[2Kgs 2:11].
3. ׳הַשּׁ personified in various relations [Isa 1:2]; [Jer 2:12]; [Job 15:15]; [Ps 19:2]; [Ps 50:6] = [Ps 97:6]; [Ps 89:6]; [Ps 148:4].
4. מְלֶכֶת ׳הַשּׁ see ׳מ p. 573.
I, II. שַׁמָּה see שׁמם. שָׂ֫מָּה see שָׁם.
The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon
License: Public domain document; formatting developed for use in https://marvel.bible by Eliran Wong.
Source: provided by Tim Morton, the developer of Bible Analyzer