שְׁאוֺל, שְׁאֹל noun feminine[Ps 86:13] (apparently masculine [Job 26:6] compare [Isa 14:9], see AlbrZAW xvi(1896), 51) She®°ôl, underworld (√ dubious; שׁאל, i.e. palce of inquiry (reference to necromancy) JastrAmos. Jsem. Lang. xiv. 170. cf JBL xix (1900), 88 ff. (JeremLebenn. d. Tode 109 'Ort der Entscheidung'); Thes BöDe Inf. § 158 Di and others compare √ שׁעל, whence שֹׁעַל hallow hand, etc.; ׳שׁ then = hallow place, 'Hölle', hell; other conjectures see HupPs. 66 De[Isa 5:14] BeerBibl. Hades in HoltzmannFestgabe,1902, 15; most now refrain from positive etymology (e.g. Buhl); Old Aramaic שאול, Syriac ; Assyrian šu-alu is dubious: so reads and interprets Dlpa 121, Prol.47. 145 JastrAmos. J. Semitic Lang. xiv. 165 ff. Ency. Bibs.v.; opposed to by BertinTSBA viii. 269 JenKosmol.223 ff. ZimKAT 3. 636 and others; see also Muss-ArnJBL xi (1892), 169 and references); — always absolute, שְׁאוֺל [Deut 32:22] + 52 t.,הָ֯ [Gen 42:38]; [Ps 9:18] שְׁאֹל [1Kgs 2:6]; [Job 17:16], הָ֯ [Gen 37:35] + 7 t.; + [Isa 7:11] (so read for שְׁאָ֫לָה Aq Σ Θ Du Che and now most); —
1. the underworld, תַּחְתִּית ׳שׁ [Deut 32:22], מִתַּחַת [Isa 14:9] מִ֑טָּה ׳מִשּׁ [Prov 15:24] || מָוֶת [Prov 5:5]; [Prov 7:27]; [Song 8:6]; [Ps 89:49] whither men descend at death, [Gen 37:35] (E), [Gen 42:38]; [Gen 44:29]; [Gen 44:31] (J), [1Sam 2:6]; [1Kgs 2:6]; [1Kgs 2:9]; [Job 7:9]; [Job 21:13]; [Isa 14:11]; [Isa 14:15]; [Ps 88:4], and Korah and associates go down alive by ׳י's judgment, [Num 16:30]; [Num 16:33] (J), compare [Ps 55:16] under mountains and sea [Job 26:6] (compare v[Job 26:5]), ׳בֶּטֶן שׁ [Jonah 2:3] (compare v.[Jonah 2:7]); with bars [Job 17:16] (si vera 1.: see ᵐ5 Du); ׳פִּי שׁ [Ps 141:7] ׳שַׁעֲרֵי שׁ [Isa 38:10] personified [Isa 28:15]; [Isa 28:18] (|| מות). as insatiable monster [Isa 5:14]; [Hab 2:5]; [Prov 1:12]; [Prov 27:20]; [Prov 30:16] as said (figurative) to have snares, ׳חֶבְלֵי שׁ [Ps 18:6] = [2Sam 22:6] compare ׳מְצָרֵי שׁ [Ps 116:3] opposed to (height of) שָׁמַיִם [Amos 9:2]; [Job 11:8]; [Ps 139:8] + (opposed to לְמָ֑עְלָה) [Isa 7:11] (see above); dark, gloomy, without return [Job 17:13] (compare v[Job 17:16]; [Job 7:9]; [Job 10:21]; [Job 16:22] all being alike [Job 3:17-19]; [Job 21:23-26] ); without work or knowledge or wisdom according to [Eccl 9:5]; [Eccl 9:6]; [Eccl 9:10] (compare [Job 14:21], and see רְפָאִים below רפה; yet compare [Isa 14:9]f.).
2. condition of righteous and wicked distinguished in ׳שׁ (later than [1Sam 28], especially inWisdom Literature):
\ \ a. wicked יָשׁוּבוּ לִשְׁא֑וֺלָה [Ps 9:18], ׳יִדְּמוּ לִשׁ [Ps 31:18] death is their shepherd, without power and honour they waste away [Ps 49:15] (twice in verse); ׳שׁ consumes them as drought water [Job 24:19] righteous dread it because no praise or presence of God there (as in temple) [Ps 6:6] (compare [Ps 88:5]), [Isa 38:18] deliverance from it a blessing [Ps 30:4]; [Ps 86:13]; [Prov 23:14]. In Ezek. ׳שׁ is land below, place of reproach, abode of uncircumcised [Ezek 31:15]; [Ezek 31:16]; [Ezek 31:17]; [Ezek 32:21]; [Ezek 32:27]
\ \ b. righteous shall not be aban-doned, ׳לשׁ [Ezek 16:10] (|| שַׁחַת q. v.; opposed to אִרַח חַיִּים etc., v[Ezek 16:11], compare [Ezek 17:15]), is ransomed from ׳שׁ [Ezek 49:16] (compare [Ezek 73:23]; [Ezek 73:25]; [Isa 57:1]; [Isa 57:2]); compare Job's expectation and desire [Job 14:13]; [Job 17:13] (compare [Job 10:21]; [Job 19:25]f.).
3. later distinction of places in ׳שׁ:
\ \ a. depths of ׳שׁ for sensualist [Prov 9:18].
\ \ b. וַאֲבַדּוֺן ׳שׁ [Prov 25:11], see אֲבַדּוֺן. [שַׁחַת and בּוֺר, q. v., when || ׳שׁ, are usually in bad sense([Ps 88:4]); probably = pit in ׳שׁ, > ׳שׁ itself as pit; words at least prepare for local distinctions of post-Biblical Judaism and NT.]
4. ׳שׁ figurative of extreme degradation in sin [Isa 57:9] as place of exile for Israel [Hos 13:14] (twice in verse) (compare [Isa 26:19]).
The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon
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Source: provided by Tim Morton, the developer of Bible Analyzer