עַשְׁתֹּ֫רֶת proper name, of deities ±Aštœreth, < ±Ašt¹rt, ±Aštéreth (see below) (MI17 עשתר כמש; Phoenician עשתרת (+ often in proper names), proper name עבד עשתר CookAcad. Jan.18, 1896 Sabean proper name, of deity עתֿתר see especially OsZMG xx (1866), 279 f. DHMib. xxxvii (1883), 376 FellSab. Gotternamen, ZMG liv (1900), 231 ff., especially 237 ff.; Assyrian Ištar; Old Aramaic, Palmyrene עתר (= עתֿתר) in proper name; in Egyptian ±astirati WMMAs.u.Eur.313; Greek Ἀστάρτη; on their Greek equivalents (e.g. Ἀφροδίτη) compare LewyFremdw. 148, 186 f, 250); — ֶֹ֯ probably artificial, to suggest בּשֶׁת, originally תַּרְתְּ-, תֶּרֶת-, compare Ištar, Ασταρτη, etc.; ׳ע [1Kgs 11:5] + 2 t.; plural תָּרוֺת- [Judg 2:13] + 3t.+ רֹת- [1Sam 7:4]; [1Sam 31:10] read probably singular (Dr and others); — ±Aštart, ±Aštereth (Ασταρτη, plural Ασταρται, but [Judg 10:6]; [1Sam 7:4] Ασταρωθ), ancient Semitic goddess (with male counterpart in Moabite, Sabean and apparently Phoenician); Phoenician deity, עשׁתרת אֱלֹהֵי צִדֹנִים [1Kgs 11:5]; [1Kgs 11:33], ׳שִׁקֻּץ צ ׳ע [2Kgs 23:13] so probably ׳בֵּית ע [1Sam 31:10] (reading singular; see especially Dr); elsewhere plural, of various local goddesses, called עֲשְׁתָּרוֺת (compareAssyrian ilâni u ištarat = gods and Ištars (i.e. goddesses), usually + בעל(יםׅ, as Canaanitish deities [Judg 2:13]; [Judg 10:6]; [1Sam 7:4]; [1Sam 12:10] || אֱלֹהֵי הַנֵּכָר [1Sam 7:3]. — See especially DrAshtoreth in HastDB; on Išitar JastrRel. Babylonian passive especially 202 f.; on `Athtar BaeRel. 117 f; on Phoenician on `Aštart PietschmGeschichte. Phön. 184 f.; on ±Ashtoreth BartonJBL x (1891), 73 ff. GFMEncy. Bib.
The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon
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