אָדוֺן noun masculine[Mal 3:1] lord (Phoenician אדן) — ׳א [Ps 12:5] + construct אֲדוֺן [Josh 3:11] +; plural אֲדֹנִים [Isa 26:13] +; construct אֲדֹנֵי [Deut 10:17] +; suffix אֲדֹנֵינוּ [1Sam 25:14] + etc.; (אֲדֹנִי, אֲדֹנַי, אֲדֹנָי are variations of Masoretic pointing to distinguish divine reference from human. Plural, with few except an intensive plural of rank; word takes suffix as plural in all other person; so doubtless here. Orig. reading probably in all cases אֲדֹנַי (see DalmDer Gottesname Adonaj; LagBN 188 makes אֲדֹנָי an Aramaic formative); אֲדֹנִי now found in J 51 t.; in E [Gen 31:35]; [Gen 32:19]; [Gen 42:10]; [Exod 21:5] in P [Gen 23:6]; [Gen 23:11]; [Gen 23:15]; [Num 36:2] (twice in verse); often Samuel & Kings; in Chronicles only in sources, [1Chr 21:3] (3 t. in verse); [1Chr 21:23] (= [2Sam 24:3]; [2Sam 24:22]) [2Chr 2:13]; [2Chr 2:14] Isaiah & Jeremiah only in historical parts [Isa 36:8]; [Isa 36:9]; [Isa 36:12]; [Jer 37:20]; [Jer 38:9] elsewhere [Dan 1:10]; [Dan 10:16]; [Dan 10:17]; [Dan 10:19]; [Dan 12:8]; [Zech 1:9]; [Zech 4:4]; [Zech 4:5]; [Zech 4:13]; [Zech 6:4]; [Ps 110:1]; [Judg 4:18]; [Judg 6:13]; [Ruth 2:13] בִּי אֲדנָי [Exod 4:10]; [Exod 4:13]; [Josh 7:8] (J) [Judg 6:15]; [Judg 13:8] is referred to God, but בִּי אֲדנִי [Gen 43:20]; [Gen 44:18]; [Num 12:11] (J) [1Sam 1:26]; [1Sam 25:24]; [1Kgs 3:17]; [1Kgs 3:26] reference to human superiors. There is uncertainty as to אֲדֹנָ֯י [Gen 18:3]; [Gen 19:18] אֲדֹ֯נַי [Gen 19:2]) —
1. singular lord, master (1) reference to men:
\ \ \ (a) superintendent of household, or of affairs [Gen 45:8]; [Gen 45:9] (E) = [Ps 105:21]
\ \ \ (b) master [Ps 12:5]
\ \ \ (c) king [Jer 22:18]; [Jer 34:5] (2) reference to God, הָאָדוֺן יהוה the Lord Yahweh (see יהוה) [Exod 23:17]; [Exod 34:23] (Cov't codes); אֲרוֺן כָּלהָֿאָרֶץ Lord of the whole earth [Josh 3:11]; [Josh 3:13] (J) [Ps 97:5]; [Zech 4:14]; [Zech 6:5]; [Mic 4:13] צֻבָאוֺת ׳י ׳הָא, earlier [Isa 1:24]; [Isa 3:1]; [Isa 10:33]; [Isa 19:4] (אֲדֹנָי [Isa 10:16] in common MT; not Massora, doubtless scribal error); ׳הָא [Mal 3:1] אָדוֺן [Ps 114:7].
2. plural lords, kings [Deut 10:17] = [Ps 136:3]; [Isa 26:13] elsewhere intensive plural of rank, lord, master, (1) reference to men:
\ \ \ (a) proprietor of hill Samaria [1Kgs 16:24]
\ \ \ (b) master [Gen 40:7] (E) [Exod 21:4] (twice in verse); [Exod 21:6]; [Exod 21:8]; [Exod 21:32] (Cov't code) [Gen 24:9] + (J, 11 t.) [Deut 23:16]; [Judg 19:11]; [Judg 19:12] + 13 t. Samuel & Kings; [Job 3:19]; [Ps 123:2]; [Prov 25:13]; [Prov 27:18]; [Prov 30:10]; [Isa 24:2]; [Amos 4:1]; [Zeph 1:9]; [Mal 1:6] (twice in verse);
\ \ \ (c) husband [Judg 19:26]; [Judg 19:27]; [Ps 45:12]
\ \ \ (d) prophet [2Kgs 2:3]; [2Kgs 2:5]; [2Kgs 2:16]
\ \ \ (e) governor [Neh 3:5]
\ \ \ (f) prince [Gen 42:10]; [Gen 42:30]; [Gen 42:33] (E) [Gen 44:8] (J) [1Sam 29:10]
\ \ \ (g) king [Gen 40:1] (E) [Judg 3:25] + 40 t. Samuel & Kings; Chronicles only in sources [1Chr 12:19] compare [1Sam 29:4]; [2Chr 13:6]; [2Chr 18:16] = [1Kgs 22:17]; [Isa 19:4]; [Isa 22:18]; [Isa 36:12]; [Isa 37:4]; [Isa 37:6]; [Jer 27:4] (2) reference to God [Mal 1:6] אֲדֹנֵי הָאֲדֹנִים Lord of lords [Deut 10:17] = [Ps 136:3] אֲדֹנֵינוּ [Ps 135:5]; [Ps 147:5]; [Neh 8:10] אֲדֹנֵינוּ ׳י [Ps 8:2]; [Ps 8:10]; [Neh 10:30] ׳אֲדֹנַיִח י [Isa 51:22] (probably = thy husband, Yahweh); אֲדֹנָיו [Hos 12:15] (possibly error for אֲדֹנָי).
3. suffix 1 singular (אֲדֹנַי) אֲדֹנִי (1) reference to men: my lord, my master, (a) master [Exod 21:5] (Cov't code) [Gen 24:12] +, [Gen 44:5] (J, 20 t.) [1Sam 30:13]; [1Sam 30:15]; [2Kgs 5:3]; [2Kgs 5:20]; [2Kgs 5:22]; [2Kgs 6:15]
\ \ \ (b) husband [Gen 18:12] (J);
\ \ \ (c) prophet [1Kgs 18:7]; [1Kgs 18:13]; [2Kgs 2:19]; [2Kgs 4:16]; [2Kgs 4:28]; [2Kgs 6:5]; [2Kgs 8:5]
\ \ \ (d) prince [Gen 42:10] (E), [Gen 23:6]; [Gen 23:11]; [Gen 23:15] (P), [Gen 43:20]; [Gen 44:18] +, [Gen 47:18], + (J, 12 t.); [Judg 4:18]
\ \ \ (e) king [1Sam 22:12] + (Samuel & Kings 75 t.);
\ \ \ (f) father [Gen 31:35] (E);
\ \ \ (g) Moses [Exod 32:22]; [Num 11:28]; [Num 12:11]; [Num 32:26]; [Num 32:27] (J); [Num 36:2] (twice in verse) (P);
\ \ \ (h) priest [1Sam 1:15]; [1Sam 1:26] (twice in verse);
\ \ \ (i) theophanic angel [Josh 5:14]; [Judg 6:13]
\ \ \ (j) captain [2Sam 11:11]
\ \ \ (k) general recognition of superiority [Gen 24:18]; [Gen 32:5] + [Gen 33:8] +; [Gen 44:7] + (J, 13 t.), [Ruth 2:13]; [1Sam 25:24] + (15 t.); (2) reference to God: אֲדֹנָי
\ \ a. my Lord [Gen 20:4] (? E) [Exod 15:17] (Samaritan יהוה) elsewhere in Hexateuch, J; [Gen 18:3](?); [Gen 18:27]; [Gen 18:30]; [Gen 18:31]; [Gen 18:32]; [Gen 19:2]; [Gen 19:18](?) [Exod 4:10]; [Exod 4:13]; [Exod 5:22]; [Exod 34:9]; [Num 14:17]; [Josh 7:8] also [Judg 6:15]; [Judg 13:8] not Samuel; [1Kgs 22:6]; [2Kgs 19:23] not Chron. except memorials [Ezra 10:3] (reference to Ezra) [Neh 1:11]; [Neh 4:8] Wisdom Literature only [Job 28:28] (doubtless scribal error for יהוֺה of many MSS.); not Hosea; [Isa 37:24]; [Isa 38:14]; [Isa 38:16] (historical part); exile [Isa 49:14] (compare [Isa 51:22]); [Mic 1:2]; [Ps 16:2] + (47 t., chiefly this sense, except below
\ \ b.; compare אֱלֹהַי וַאדֹנָי my Lord and my God [Ps 35:23] (writers that use אֱלֹהִים seldom use אֲדֹנָי);
\ \ b. Adonay proper name of God, parallel with Yahweh, substitution for it often by scribal error, & eventually supplanting it. In earlier [Isa 3:17] + (19 t. seeming to belong here), [Amos 7:7]; [Amos 7:8]; [Amos 9:1]; [Ezek 18:25]; [Ezek 18:29]; [Ezek 33:17]; [Ezek 33:20]; [Ezek 21:14] (probably ׳אֲדֹנָי י as in usual phrase); [Zech 9:4]; [Mal 1:12]; [Mal 1:14]; [Lam 1:14] + (14 t.) [Ps 2:4]; [Ps 37:13]; [Ps 78:65]; [Ps 90:17] (? יהוה) [Ps 110:5] (Dalman puts most of these below
\ \ \ (a); — many cases are doubtful); [1Kgs 3:10]; [1Kgs 3:15] (Masoretic אדני for יהוה compare Dalm [2Kgs 7:6] Dalm rightly questions; he reads יהוה). The phrases אֲדֹנָי אֱלֹהַי [Ps 38:16]; [Ps 86:12], Adonay my God; אֲדֹנָי הָאֱלֹהִים [Dan 9:3], אֱלֹהֵינוּ ׳א [Dan 9:9]; [Dan 9:15], הָאֵל ׳א [Dan 9:4] favour taking ׳א [Dan 1:2]; [Dan 9:7]; [Dan 9:8] (יהוה ?) v[Dan 9:16] v[Dan 9:17] v[Dan 9:19] v[Dan 9:19] v[Dan 9:19] as the divine name.
4. אֲדֹנָי יהוה
\ \ \ (a) my Lord Yahweh (see יהוה) [Gen 15:2]; [Gen 15:8] (JE) [Josh 7:7] (J, ᵐ5 omit ׳י) [Deut 3:24]; [Deut 9:26]; [Judg 6:22]; [Judg 16:28]; [2Sam 7:1] (6 t.) [1Kgs 2:26]; [1Kgs 8:53] probably [Amos 3:7]; [Amos 3:8]; [Amos 7:2]; [Amos 7:4]; [Amos 7:5]; [Amos 9:8]; [Jer 1:6]; [Jer 4:10]; [Jer 14:13]; [Jer 32:17]; [Jer 32:25]; [Ezek 4:14]; [Ezek 8:1]; [Ezek 9:6]; [Ezek 11:13]; [Ezek 20:49]; [Ezek 37:3] (׳יָדַע כִּי אֲני א ׳י) [Ezek 13:9]; [Ezek 23:49]; [Ezek 24:24]; [Ezek 28:24]; [Ezek 29:16] inappropriate in mouth of God; strike out אֲדֹנָי (Co) or read אֱלֹהֵיכֶם ׳י (Dalm); [Mic 1:2]; [Zeph 1:7]; [Obad 1:1]; [Zech 9:14]; [Ps 71:5]; [Ps 71:16]; [Ps 73:28]
\ \ \ (b) apparently proper name Adonay Yahweh [Isa 25:8]; [Jer 44:26] exile [Isa 40:10] + (10 t., but [Isa 61:1]; [Isa 61:11] read יהוה, ᵐ5);
\ \ \ (c) uncertain whether
\ \ \ (a) or
\ \ \ (b) in prophetic formula אָמַר ׳י ׳א [Isa 7:7]; [Isa 28:16]; [Isa 30:15]; [Isa 49:22]; [Isa 51:4]; [Isa 65:13]; [Jer 7:20]; [Amos 1:8]; [Amos 3:11]; [Amos 5:3]; [Amos 7:6]; [Obad 1:1] Ezekiel (131 t.); ׳י ׳נְאֻם א [Isa 56:8]; [Jer 2:22]; [Amos 3:13]; [Amos 4:5]; [Amos 8:3]; [Amos 8:9]; [Amos 8:11] Ezekiel (80 t.); ׳י ׳דְּבַראֿ [Ezek 6:3]; [Ezek 25:3]; [Ezek 36:4] ׳י ׳נִשְׁבַּע א [Amos 4:2]; [Amos 6:8] ׳י ׳כֹּה הִרְאַנִי א [Amos 7:1]; [Amos 7:4]; [Amos 8:1].
5. יהוה אֲדֹנָי Yahweh my Lord [Ps 68:21]; [Ps 109:21]; [Ps 140:8]; [Ps 141:8]; [Hab 3:9].
6. אֲדֹנָי יהוה צְבָאוֺת
\ \ \ (a) my Lord Yahweh ‚. (see צבאות) [Ps 69:7]; [Amos 9:5]; [Isa 10:23]; [Isa 22:5]; [Isa 22:12]; [Isa 28:22] compare ׳אֱלֹהֵי הַצְבָאוֺת א ׳י, Yahweh, the God of Hosts my Lord [Amos 5:16]
\ \ \ (b) a divine name, Adonay, Yahweh ‚. [Jer 46:10] (twice in verse); [Jer 50:25]
\ \ \ (c) uncertain are ׳צ ׳י ׳כֹּה אָמַר א [Isa 10:24]; [Isa 22:14]; [Isa 22:15] ׳נְאֻם א ׳צ ׳י [Isa 3:15]; [Jer 2:19]; [Jer 49:5]; [Jer 50:31].
The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon
License: Public domain document; formatting developed for use in https://marvel.bible by Eliran Wong.
Source: provided by Tim Morton, the developer of Bible Analyzer