Weak, Weakened, Weaker, Weakness - Vine's Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words
Weak, Weakened, Weaker, Weakness
[ A-1,Adjective,G772, asthenes ]lit., strengthless" (See IMPOTENT), is translated "weak,"
(a) of physical "weakness," Matthew 26:41; Mark 14:38; 1 Corinthians 1:27; 1 Corinthians 4:10; 1 Corinthians 11:30 (a judgment upon spiritual laxity in a church); 2 Corinthians 10:10; 1 Peter 3:7 (comparative degree);
(b) in the spiritual sense, said of the rudiments of Jewish religion, in their inability to justify anyone, Galatians 4:9; of the Law, Hebrews 7:18; in Romans 5:6, RV, "weak" (AV, "without strength"), of the inability of man to accomplish his salvation;
(c) morally or ethically, 1 Corinthians 8:7, 1 Corinthians 8:10; 1 Corinthians 9:22;
(d) rhetorically, of God's actions according to the human estimate, 1 Corinthians 1:25, "weakness," lit., "the weak things of God." See FEEBLE, SICK.
[ A-2,Adjective,G102, adunatos ]
lit., "not powerful," is translated "weak" in Romans 15:1, of the infirmities of those whose scruples arise through lack of faith (See Romans 14:22-Romans 14:23), in the same sense as No. 1
(c); the change in the adjective (cp. Romans 14:1) is due to the contrast with dunatoi, the "strong," who have not been specifically mentioned as such in ch. 14. See IMPOSSIBLE.
[ B-1,Verb,G770, astheneo ]
"to lack strength," is used in much the same way as A, No. 1, and translated "being ... weak" in Romans 4:19, AV (RV, "being weakened"); Romans 8:3; Romans 14:1-Romans 14:2 (in some texts, 1 Corinthians 8:9); 2 Corinthians 11:21, 2 Corinthians 11:29 (twice); 2 Corinthians 12:10; 2 Corinthians 13:3-4, 2 Corinthians 13:9. See DISEASED, IMPOTENT, SICK.
[ C-1,Noun,G769, astheneia ]
for which See INFIRMITY, is rendered "weakness," of the body, 1 Corinthians 2:3; 1 Corinthians 15:43; 2 Corinthians 11:30, RV; 2 Corinthians 12:5 (plural, RV), 2 Corinthians 12:9-10, RV; Hebrews 11:34; in 2 Corinthians 13:4, "He was crucified through weakness" is said in respect of the physical sufferings to which Christ voluntarily submitted in giving Himself up to the death of the Cross.