Transgress, Transgression - Vine's Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words
Transgress, Transgression
[ A-1,Verb,G3845, parabaino ]lit., to go aside" (para), hence "to go beyond," is chiefly used metaphorically of "transgressing" the tradition of the elders, Matthew 15:2; the commandment of God, Matthew 15:3; in Acts 1:25, of Judas, AV, "by transgression fell" (RV, "fell away"); in 2 John 1:9 some texts have this verb (AV, "transgresseth"), the best have proago (See GO, No. 10).
[ A-2,Verb,G5233, huperbaino ]
lit., "to go over" (huper), used metaphorically and rendered "transgress" in 1 Thessalonians 4:6 (AV, "go beyond"), i.e., of "overstepping" the limits separating chastity from licentiousness, sanctification from sin.
[ A-3,Verb,G3928, parerchomai ]
"to come by" (para, "by," erchomai, "to come"), "pass over," and hence, metaphorically, "to transgress," is so used in Luke 15:29. See COME, No. 9, PASS.
[ B-1,Noun,G3847, parabasis ]
akin to A, No. 1, primarily "a going aside," then, "an overstepping," is used metaphorically to denote "transgression" (always of a breach of law):
(a) of Adam, Romans 5:14;
(b) of Eve, 1 Timothy 2:14;
(c) negatively, where there is no law, since "transgression" implies the violation of law, none having been enacted between Adam's "transgression" and those under the Law, Romans 4:15;
(d) of "transgressions" of the Law, Galatians 3:19, where the statement "it was added because of transgressions" is best understood according to Romans 4:15; Romans 5:13; Romans 5:20; the Law does not make men sinners, but makes them "transgressors;" hence sin becomes "exceeding sinful," Romans 7:7, Romans 7:13. Conscience thus had a standard external to itself; by the Law men are taught their inability to yield complete obedience to God, that thereby they may become convinced of their need of a Savior; in Romans 2:23, RV, "transgression (of the Law)," AV, "breaking (the Law);" Hebrews 2:2; Hebrews 9:15.
[ B-2,Noun,G3892, paranomia ]
"lawbreaking" (para, "contrary to, nomos, "law"), is rendered "transgression" in 2 Peter 2:16, RV (AV, "iniquity").
Note: In 1 John 3:4 (1st part), AV, poieo, "to do," with anomia, "lawlessness," is rendered "transgresseth ... the law" (RV, "doeth ... lawlessness"); in the 2nd part anomia alone is rendered "transgression of the law," AV (RV, "lawlessness").